Layer 1 — Global benchmarking spine
The core framework against which items are tagged: PIRLS and PISA for reading, TIMSS and PISA for mathematics, and TIMSS with NGSS/NRC 3D item design for science. It ensures results are internationally comparable.
Schools and networks rarely operate under a single curriculum framework. Kodeit Ascend handles this through a two-layer reporting architecture.

The core framework against which items are tagged: PIRLS and PISA for reading, TIMSS and PISA for mathematics, and TIMSS with NGSS/NRC 3D item design for science. It ensures results are internationally comparable.
National or regional curriculum mapped on top of the spine: UK National Curriculum, Australian Curriculum v9.0, CCSS, IB frameworks, and country-specific curricula. New overlays plug into the existing hierarchy without rebuilding the core.
A school running CCSS as its reporting spine can layer its national curriculum on top and generate reports against both perspectives from the same assessment data.